Test Well Water Quality

Private wells are not regulated by municipal water authorities — you are responsible for ensuring your water is safe. Test annually at minimum, plus after any flooding, nearby land use changes, or if you notice changes in taste, odor, or color. Use a state-certified water testing lab (your county health department can provide a list) or mail-in test kits. At minimum, test for: total coliform bacteria, E. coli, nitrates, and pH. In older homes, add lead to the panel. In agricultural areas, test for pesticides. In areas with gas drilling, test for methane and VOCs. Collect the sample early in the morning before using any water to catch bacteria that may have accumulated overnight. Follow the lab's exact collection instructions — contaminated collection technique invalidates results. If bacteria are found, shock chlorinate the well immediately and retest in two weeks. Keep test records in your home files — they are often required for home sales.